A candidate multi-epitope vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae induces robust humoral and cellular response in mice

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae, Mhp) are two of the most common pathogens involved in the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) resulting in significant economic losses worldwide. Vaccination is the most effective approach to disease prevention. Since PRRSV and Mhp co-infections are very common, an efficient dual vaccine against these pathogens is required for the global swine industry. Compared with traditional vaccines, multi-epitope vaccines have several advantages, they are comparatively easy to produce and construct, are chemically stable, and do not have an infectious potential. In this study, to develop a safe and effective vaccine, B cell and T cell epitopes of PRRSV-GP5, PRRSV-M, Mhp-P46, and Mhp-P65 protein had been screened to construct a recombinant epitope protein rEP-PM that has good hydrophilicity, strong antigenicity, and high surface accessibility, and each epitope is independent and complete. After immunization in mice, rEP-PM could induce the production of high levels of antibodies, and it had good immunoreactivity with anti-rEP-PM, anti-PRRSV, and anti-Mhp antibodies. The anti-rEP-PM antibody specifically recognizes proteins from PRRSV and Mhp. Moreover, rEP-PM induced a Th1-dominant cellular immune response in mice. Our results showed that the rEP-PM protein could be a potential candidate for the development of a safe and effective multi-epitope peptide combined vaccine to control PRRSV and Mhp infections.     

骨钙素酶免疫检测方法的研究和应用

目的：建立骨钙素酶免疫测定方法，并应用于临床检测血清骨钙素。方法：应用了3种检测模式，根据检测灵敏度、剂量反应曲线的形态进行分析，选择出合适的模式进一步应用于临床血清标本的骨钙素检测。结果：所采用的骨钙素单克隆抗体是钙离子依赖型的。固相抗原竞争法适合于临床定量测定骨钙素。最低可测限为1．4μg/L;20μg/L骨钙素样品批内CV＝3．98％，批间CV＝12．67％。测定正常献血员140名（年龄17－45岁），第5－95百分位点的骨钙素含量，男性为7．5－15．0μg/L女性为7.0-17.5μg/L。70例疑有骨质疏松症患者血清骨钙素含量2．91－30．20μg/L，以第95百分位点的骨钙素含量为cut-off值，升高5例。与进口试剂盒（Novocalcin,USA）相比较，有较好的相关性，r=0.81。结论：固相抗原竞争法酶免疫测定可以灵敏地检测血清中骨钙素含量，有实用价值。     

Orally disintegrating olanzapine induces less weight gain in adolescents than standard oral tablets

We compared the changes in weight (kg) and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m²) in 52 hospitalized adolescents between baseline and after 12 weeks of monotherapy with either (i) olanzapine (OLZ) orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) (N = 16; 16.6 mg/day ± 4.4 [SD]), or (ii) OLZ standard oral tablets (SOT) (N = 10; 18.0 mg/day ± 4.2), or (iii) risperidone (N = 26; 2.8 mg/day ± 1.2). Significantly greater increases in mean weight and BMI were observed in the patients treated with OLZ SOT (8.9 ± 5.1 [SD] kg; 1.9 ± 0.6 kg/m², respectively) than in those with ODT (3.0 ± 2.1 kg; 1.1 ± 0.8 kg/m²). Similarly, OLZ ODT treatment was associated with significantly greater increases in weight and BMI than risperidone (1.0 ± 1.8 kg; 0.4 ± 0.7 kg/m²). These findings suggest that adolescents gain less weight with OLZ ODT than OLZ SOT, possibly because the former formulation shortens the time of interaction with digestive serotonin receptors mediating satiety.     

准分子激光治疗近视亚临床视网膜脱离11例

目的 探讨亚临床视网膜脱离(subclinical retinal detachment,SCRD)的诊治及临床意义。方法 对预施PRK及LASICK术之前扩瞳三面镜查出有SCRD的患者随访6～15月,详细记录其诊治过程及预后。结果 共查1088眼,11眼伴有SCRD,占1.01％,随访8例患者均为单眼,其中正视眼1例,中低度近视2例,高度近视5例;采用保守治疗6例,其中2例网膜复位,4例视网膜脱离仍存;采用手术治疗2例,网膜复位;选择PRK 2例,1例行LASIK。结论 对于预施PRK及LASIK术的患者应详细检查眼底。一旦发现伴有SCRD,应及时采用保守治疗,定期随访,尽量避免网膜脱离复位手术。如需行近视手术应考虑手术的方法与时机。     

Low vaccination coverage of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in Shanghai,China: A database analysis based on birth cohorts from 2012 to 2020

BackgroundPneumococcal vaccines have been developed to protect infants and young children from pneumococcal diseases. Vaccination coverage studies are important in determining a population’s vaccination status and strategically adjusting national immunization programs (NIP). In this paper, we aim to describe the coverage of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) immunization for birth cohorts from 2012 to 2020 and discussed the factors influencing the coverage.MethodsVaccination data were collected via the vaccination information database in Shanghai, China, for children born from 2012 to 2020. The population data used in this study were collected from each community from 2012 to 2020. The coverage of initial immunization (1^st dose), basic immunization (three doses) and full immunization (3 + 1 doses) for PCVs was calculated according to the number of doses received. As vaccination coverage was assessed each year, Annual Growth Rate (AGR) was used to describe the variation trend of vaccination coverage. Immunization time and completeness of different PCVs were also analyzed.ResultsThe total number of births from 2012 to 2020 was 38,268 in Huangpu District, Shanghai, China. The initial immunization coverage of PCVs increased from 12.26% in 2012 to 49.65% in 2020, and the highest coverage was 50.61% in 2019. The cumulative vaccination coverage of PCVs was 19.4% for initial immunization and 16.8% for basic immunization from 2012 to 2020. And cumulative full immunization coverage of PCVs was 12.3% from 2012 to 2019. The PCVs coverage of most vaccination statuses showed an obvious upward trend from 2017 to 2020.ConclusionsDespite an upward trend in vaccination coverage of PCVs, the vaccination coverage of initial, basic and full immunization among children is still low. And given the heavy burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) among children in China and the fact that the current vaccination coverage cannot effectively protect children, it is recommended that the government include PCVs into the NIP as soon as possible.     

中药清法对糖尿病足患者微循环障碍的疗效分析

目的探讨中药清法治疗糖尿病足患者微量白蛋白尿对微循环障碍疗效。方法 200例糖尿病足患者随机分为中西医治疗组和西医对照组,各100例。两组均采用相同的基础治疗。中西医治疗组予中药清法,药物组成: 穿心莲、蚤休、垂盆草、川乌、三七、冰片,100ml/袋,每次1袋,2次/d;西医对照组予西洛他唑100mg,1次/d,口服,且均行血生化、微量白蛋白尿及血液流变学的检测,比较治疗前后二组的变化。结果 用药前,两组患者的年龄、体质量、身高、BMI、收缩压、舒张压、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、TG、BUN、Cr、UA、FPG、2hPG、MA、全血黏度低切、全血黏度中切、全血黏度高切、血浆黏度、血细胞比容、红细胞聚集指数和纤维蛋白原差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的TC、TG、UA、FPG、MA、全血黏度低切、全血黏度中切、全血黏度高切、血浆黏度、血细胞比容、红细胞聚集指数和纤维蛋白原差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),HDL-C、LDL-C、BUN、Cr、2hPG差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。此外,依据“脱疽”诊治疗效标准和糖尿病足坏疽疗效判定标准比较中西医治疗组与西医对照组的治疗结果,疗效差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。结论 中药清法通过治疗糖尿病足患者微量白蛋白尿和血液流变学,进而改善患者微循环障碍,促进伤口愈合,是值得推广的一种方法。     

16导联心电图ST段改变对急性心肌梗死的临床价值

目的探讨16导联心电图中ST段改变对急性心肌梗死的临床诊断价值。方法对332例急性心肌梗死患者,在原有标准12导联的基础上,增加后壁导联（V7和V8）和右胸导联（V4R和V5R）,观察附加导联中ST段改变,是否可提高心电图诊断急性心肌梗死的价值。结果12导联心电图诊断急性心肌梗死的敏感性为71.4%,特异性为86.0%;12导联＋后壁导联诊断急性心肌梗死的敏感性为79.2%,特异性为85.0%;12导联＋右胸导联诊断急性心肌梗死的敏感性为75.3%,特异性为84.5%;12导联＋后壁＋右胸导联诊断急性心肌梗死的敏感性为81.9%,特异性为83.7%。结论增加后壁和右胸导联可提高诊断急性心肌梗死的敏感性,而特异性并无显著降低。     

上海市黄浦区老年人群肿瘤监测结果分析

目的 了解黄浦区老年人群肿瘤发病、死亡和生存情况,为政府制定老年人群相关政策提供依据.方法 利用上海市肿瘤监测系统导出的数据,分析2010年上海市黄浦区60岁及以上户籍老年人群肿瘤发病、死亡和生存情况.结果 老年人群肿瘤发病率为1 007.9/10万,发病顺位前5位：肺、结直肠、胃、肝和胰腺;死亡率为979.5/10万,死亡顺位前5位：肺、结直肠、胃、肝和胰腺;老年人群肿瘤的1年生存率为36.0％,5年生存率为22.0％,中位生存期为345.9 d.结论 老年人群肿瘤发病率、死亡率高,生存率低,中位生存期短.     

平目汤合针刺治疗非活动期Graves眼病临床观察

目的 观察针刺联合平目汤治疗阳气亏虚、痰瘀阻滞型非活动期Graves病浸润性突眼的临床疗效。方法 采用随机对照的研究方法,将44例患者随机分为针药结合组（22例40眼）、中药组（22例39眼）,中药组予平目汤颗粒口服,针药结合组在中药组的基础上联合远近配穴针刺治疗,两组疗程均为12周。观察两组突眼度、突眼临床有效率、眼部症状积分、中医证候积分等变化。结果 治疗后,两组突眼度较治疗前均降低（P＜0.05）,针药结合组突眼度降低程度显著大于中药组（P＜0.05）;针药结合组突眼疗效显著优于中药组（P＜0.05）;与治疗前比较,两组眼部症状积分均显著降低（P＜0.05）,针药结合组眼部症状积分降低程度大于中药组（P＜0.05）;与治疗前比较,两组治疗后除“面色晦暗”“自汗”外,其余各项证候积分均显著降低（P＜0.05）,其中针药结合组在降低眼球疼痛积分方面优于中药组（P<0.05）。结论 平目汤联合针刺能更好地降低阳气亏虚、痰瘀阻滞型非活动期Graves眼病患者的突眼度,改善其眼部症状,缓解眼球疼痛。